JWST observations of interstellar ices, e.g., under the IceAge and JOYS+ programs, reveal their highly complex nature both in terms of chemical composition (increasingly complex molecular species) and structure (morphology, dangling bonds, ice segregation, layering and mixing, charge build-up and salts). We will build on the combined insight from observations, theory and experiments obtained todate and investigate the properties of such chemically and structurally complex ices. Theme 1 will directly contribute to Target-1. 

WP1.1: Formation, structure and evolution of salty ices

WP1.2: Complex ices – structure, IR absorption and energy dissipation