Supervisor: Nicolas Volet

The scaling of emerging technologies is fundamental for advancing sci-entific and industrial applications. This presentation uses photonic inte-grated circuits (PICs) as a case study to explore the principles and sig-nificance of scaling. PICs integrate diverse photonic components such as lasers, modulators, and waveguides on a single chip, utilizing photons for superior data transmission and processing. This presentation explains challenges when scaling these technologies, including polarization de-pendencies and mode area constraints, and focuses on solutions offered by advanced fabrication techniques. It also discusses the use of various substrates such as silicon, indium phosphide, and silicon nitride, each presenting unique benefits and limitations. Furthermore, this presen-tation highlights contributions from notable companies and the role of specialized design software. It concludes by showcasing future applica-tions, from high-speed data communications to biomedical and quantum technologies, emphasizing how scaling up PICs is essential for driving technological progress.